Moral Issues in the United States Navy

The United States dark blue is a branch of the United States armed forces. The USN has a goal of educating and preparing combat-ready naval forces. The United States Navys mission is to produce naval forces that are proficient and skilled in combat mission specially in winning wars and able to sustain freedom of the seas. In auxiliary to this, most of the naval operations are under their responsibility. It traces its origins to the Continental Navy, and nowadays, in that location are over 335,000 personnel and operates 280 ships on active duty.The military originals, including those in the navy blue are expected by the rules of order to follow a higher lesson standard. It is the mission and the image that people or the society sees upon these professionals. As such, there is a need for the strict implementation of professional ethics and moral codes. Generals or commanders always enforce their troops or subordinates to follow moral goodness.If moral failure occurs or when a n officer was non able to follow direct orders given to him, they give reprimands and even penaltys. The punishment can either be suspension, dismissal from service, demotion or being jailed in a military prison. Furthermore, because of these expectations and high moral standards, moral problems of the slightest parapraxis are treated immediately. Actions are done in order to change by reversal whatever mistake was committed that may put a daub on the name of the navy.In an article by Sara Corbett, which was published on March 18, 2007 at the stark naked York Times, a female United States Navy faced melancholy and turmoil due to a simple moral problem that she committed. The United States Navy at that time had to depart or be deployed in Iraq for the war. Due to personal reasons, Suzanne brisk who was a 21-year-old, went truant or absence without official leave.She did not report on her duties for dickens days and stayed away hiding from the navy through the sustain of he r friends. She forever received messages and calls from her superiors and fellow soldiers during her AWOL but still, she did not report on her duties. By the month of April, after the departure of the ship where Suzanne quick was vatic to board, she returned to her familys home (Corbett, 2007).By the 11th of June, there were two topical anesthetic officers who visited her familys home and found her painting her toenails. The local officers arrested Suzanne Swift and brought her to county jail. by and by two days, she was interpreted to Fort Lewis wherein she would be charged with being AWOL. uneffective to continue her duties as a soldier, she was placed on a path in the barracks where she performed desk jobs. The military procedures when it comes to AWOL soldiers are really established that actions taken are promptly.Utilitarianism refers to the doctrine of ethics wherein the action considered or taken is in the form of consequentialism. In addition to this, the course of ac tion that is taken is just determined by its contribution to overall utility. In simple terms, it is for the greatest good for the greatest number of people (Mill, 1998). In the case of Suzanne Swift, the navy left without her because it is the right thing to do, for them not to delay their mission and establish to the benefit of the many.On the other hand, it was not morally right for Swift to abandon her duties since she was merely thinking of herself and not the benefit of others. In the field, she could help her fellow soldiers and even aid in their cause, but she chose not to. Suzanne Swift has the right for a lawyer and the right to defend her stand, but if utilitarianism is considered as basis for judging her, then she would be instantly convicted guilty.Works CitedCorbett, Sara. The Womens War. The New York Times (March 18, 2007). January 14, 2008 .Mill, John Stuary. Utilitarianism. New York Oxford University Press, 1998.

Building an Intelligent and Autonomous Robot

tAbstract zombiics 1. Obstacle Sense And Anti-Falling Robot. The objective is to design an intelligent and sovereign robot. This work is a small scale prototype model which crumb be utilise with great versatility in other robotics applications. This barriers sensing and anti falling sensor robot senses the edges and obstacles. A set of infr ared sensors forfend it falling from heights and Ultrasonic sensor is interfaced with controller so that when it senses obstacle it pass on send points to the controller so that fascinate action is interpreted by controller.Movements and accusations are displayed on a local liquid quartz glass display (LCD) interfaced with 8-bit processor. 2. Dtmf Based Rescue Robot. The objective of the project is for Rescue operations. zombie is based on 8 bit controller. It is interfaced with GSM modem, DTMF decoder electric circuitry, LCD and DC motor Control to per compliance rescue operation. The user has to first declare a call from his mobile to the GSM modem in the above system. This call is identify by the controller using GSM modem and it accepts this call by sending the grant command to the GSM modem.Once the call is answered by the system, the user washbasin press appropriate keys on his mobile keypad to perform Rescue operation. When the user presses a key, the corresponding DTMF signals are received from GSM modem. This DTMF signal from GSM modem is given to DTMF decoding circuit which decodes it and finds out the key pressed and feeds it to the controller. Depending on this key, the controller go outs Perform limited Action 3. Automatic Color Sensing Robot. 4. Voice Controlled Intelligent Wheelchair. 5. The fig And Implementation Of An Autonomous Campus Patrol Robot.The main aim of this project is to intermit a computer controlled hi-tech car with RF camera. We have a camera in our system through which we can see the video. A car, which will be having the camera. The police can keep track of the gangster s movements by seeing the video, which is displayed in the computer. The computer is engineerd in Police Car so that they can control the device from a particular distance and keep track of their movements so that if the police muster to know where they are, they can easily attack and catch them .The Car can be moved in all directions such as left, right, ship and reverse to get their positions properly. Using this car we can find the joker place in any case since human beings cannot go to find that bomb and also the explosion time is not known. 6. Line Follower Robot With Intelligence. The main aim of this project is develop a Robot vehicle which will find out its lane using proximity sensor. We can practice this robot where ever we want routine work for long time.The running is tracking by proximity sensor. According to sensor output signal the microcontroller controls the vehicle by using (forward/reverse/ enlistment) DC motor which are placed in vehicle. If there is no pa th the microcontroller will stop the vehicle. The buzzer will indicate the status of the vehicle in the form of sound and the LCD will display the current moving direction (forward/reverse/stop) of the vehicle. 56, II Floor, Pushpagiri Complex, 17th rag 8th Main, Opp Water Tank, Vijaynagar, Bangalore 40.Ph 080 23208045 / 23207367, 9886173099, situation ID emailprotected com Abstract Robotics 7. Use Of A Cellular Phone In planetary Robot Voice Control. Advanced Robotic Pick And Place Arm And arrive at System. This is the most advance version of Pick n Place Robot using visual perception, perhaps and most popular and widely used in recent industries. A person from a remote place can comfortably control the motion of robotic arm without any telegraph connection.Again there are two systems one at the vector position in which a software program written in infix C generates control signals. These signals are encoded and transmitted by RF transmitter chip. At another end RF rec eiver chip will demodulate these signals and decoder will decode it & finally Microcontroller will invade desired controlling action on robotic arm. 56, II Floor, Pushpagiri Complex, 17th Cross 8th Main, Opp Water Tank, Vijaynagar, Bangalore 40. Ph 080 23208045 / 23207367, 9886173099, mail ID emailprotected com

Comparison of the Death Penalty: China vs United States Essay

The coupled States of America is iodine of the few countries that pacify im commit death sentences regularly. The tribes res publica of mainland chinaw be is in the like manner nonpareil of these countries. Both are similar in that they are among the eyeshade effectuation countries in the world. Yet they differ in many ways such as, types of crimes that are death penalty eligible, the bit of people that are executed, audition processes, and methods of carrying into action.I consider these to be the biggest differences between The Peoples Republic of mainland chinaware and the United States of America. One of the most shocking things I came across when researching was the wide range of crimes punishable by death in China. The most shocking of which, is those of non-violent nature. A type of non-violent crime that is r come forthinely supercharged as a chief city crime is economic or professional crimes. In Chinas wicked Law, on that point are particularized instances where economic crimes can be charged as upper-case letter crimes.In the name, On Limiting and Abolishing the Death Penalty for Economic Crimes in China, the author Bingzhi Zhao wrote, it is normally specified in Chinas Criminal Law that the death penalty is only applicable when the crime is of a peculiarly enormous amount or of a particularly consummate(a) nature1. A particularly enormous amount or of a particularly sever nature refers to the amount of money stolen or number of people hurt by the crime. What I consider to be a great parallel would be Bernie Madoff, who stole billions from investors and was sentences to 150 years in jail, which is the maximum sentence he could receive2.This leads me to believe if Bernie Madoff lived in China, he wouldve been executed. Although his crimes were particularly extreme in the amount of money he stole, he was non violent in any way shape or form. In America this simply has not happened in the last century. It is my personal judgment that crimes other than murder shouldnt be capital crimes, only I think it is plain wrong for a white-collar crime to be charged as a capital crime. There are change surface accounts of drug dealers and people who fund-raise illegal3.I personally know psyche arrested for dealing drugs, if he received a death sentence for his crime, it would be completely and utterly shocking. It is my belief that a non-violent crime shouldnt be punished in a violent way. The Peoples Republic of China phthisis of capital punishment is shrouded in hiding. In an article in the Washington Post, the author(s) writes, The Chinese organization has a long-standing policy of not commenting on the death penalty and keeps the number of executions secret3. This rings genuine because it is impossible to find a true figure for executions in China. all told figures that can be found are estimates. The Dui Hua Foundation estimates that China carried out 5,000 to 6,000 executions in the year 20073, wh ile forbearance International estimates there were at least 1,718 kn confess executions in 2008 and also states that there are credibly many more4. amnesty International also states that in 2008 the United States of America executed a total of 37 people4. Using Amnesty Internationals figures this means that the Peoples Republic of China executed more than forty-six times more people than America.With populations of 1. 3 billion and 310 million (estimates), respectively, China executed at least 1 out of e very 750,000, and the United States of America executed about 1 out of every 8,375,000 people. This adds up to China executing about 11 times as many people per capita than the United States. One must also keep in mind that the figure of China executing 1,718 is also the at least number the Dui Hua foundation estimated 5,000-6,000 executions in one year alone.If China indeed executed 5,000, this would raise their per capita execution rate three times high, to 33 times more ex ecutions per capita than America. speckle there are countries who execute more than the United States of America as well China, they arent countries that America would like to be placed with. In locomote order the ten countries with the highest executions are, China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United States, Pakistan, Iraq, Vietnam, Afghanistan, North Korea, and Japan4.Interestingly adequate, American soldiers have fought wars deep down the borders of six out of nine of these countries since World state of war II. The United States of America and China are the two most respectable countries in the world right now, yet they are in a list with the likes of under-developed countries like Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Saudi Arabia. China kills enormous amounts of people as compared to every other country, and they also do so in a manner that the American Criminal Justice system would consider highly unconstitutional.In the United States we use grand juries and/or preliminary hearin gs as a screening device to make sure there is enough severalize to go to trial, whereas in the Peoples Republic of China, there is one person, called a Procurator, who screens cases5. This causes the decision to go to trial extremely unfair, because the cadence of evidence in China is sufficient as opposed to American standard of beyond a reasonable doubt. Also in the case of a grand jury, there has to be more than one person agreeing the case can go to trial, whereas in China, fair one person decides whether a case is trial worthy.The largest difference between the two countries processes however, is not the use or lack thereof grand juries, scarce the difference lies in how trials are conducted. China uses the Inquisitorial Model, where a try on dominates the questioning and debating, and a panel of judges, not regular citizens, decides facts and applies the lawfulnesss5. This could either depend like a terrible idea, or a great idea. keeping the same group of judges inste ad of a jury, there is a sense of consistency.There is no unfair jury selection like in the American system that can usually be base on picking people of certain races who are more likely to convict somebody of a certain race base on statistics. Yet at the same time, these men are judges and uprise all sorts of criminals, and are very likely to think that anybody arrested, is arrested for a just reason. These judges are also more likely to impose the law harshly, since they are political sympathies officials of a country whose government is known to come apart numerous human rights.Another huge difference between the two nations lies within the pulls process. In China, not only can the accused appeal, but the Procurator can appeal as well if he or she feels that the sentencing wasnt done correctly. The accused is only given 10 eld to initially file an appeal. If the accused appeals and loses, his sentence can only be less(prenominal)ened, but if a Procurator appeals, the sen tence can be make more severe. In the United States, only the accused whitethorn appeal, the prosecuting officer is unable5. This process of Procurators appealing could never happen in the United States, based on the Fifth Amendment.It would be considered Double Jeopardy, since even if a court (aside from the Supreme Peoples Court) finds him innocent, the procurator may appeal for a new trial. All of these difference cause many more injustices in China than America. There are even more injustices in the Chinese system. Amnesty International states, In China those facing capital charges do not receive fair trials. Failings include the lack of motivate access to lawyers, a lack of self-confidence of innocence, political interference in the judiciary and failure to exclude evidence extracted through torture6.These failings pose a particular issue in China. One of the mentioned failings is lack of presumption of innocence. When a person in China is arrested, they are acquired guilty , and therefore a trial is almost only to prove his innocence, whereas in America we presume innocent until proven guilty and in trials, the prosecutor must prove guilt. Another failing is if the accused doesnt get access to a lawyer quick enough, he could be put to death very rapidly because after a death sentence is approved the execution is carried out within 7 days7.The United States of America has long stays on death row, which take a lot of effect out of the execution, but also gives the accused time to appeal, and file all sorts of motions and requests for clemency. Amnesty International also states that China uses information that is extracted through torture. While in the United States this does happen, it is never done so legally, and if a judge finds evidence was extracted through torture, that evidence in unusable.These factors lack of access lawyers, unfair trial processes, and lack of presumption of innocence, all cause Chinas capital punishment statutes to seem extre mely unjust and I would think that quite an often even Chinese citizens are unsure of the reliability of their own system, but then I remember that a lot of what the government does is shrouded in secrecy so citizens dont really know. The global method of execution in The Peoples Republic of China is single gunfire to the head. Although China officially uses Lethal injection as an option, it is lifelessness not used as a good deal as gunshot to the head.An article in USA Today about methods of execution states, earlier to 1997, Chinas main form of execution was shooting. According to a 1998 report from Amnesty International, the Chinese press reported 24 lethal-injection executions in that year, but the exact number is unknown8. This quote to me shows, that they have started to use lethal injection, but one must remember that China regularly executes well over 1000 people, so 24 by lethal injection is a start, but not move uply a bulk whereas in America lethal Injection is the main method.Under post-Furman statutes there have been 1,070 executions in the United States. 01 of these executions were by lethal injection, followed by 153 of them by electrocution9. Lethal Injection accounts for 84. 2% of American executions (American Statistics were as of April 12, 2007) whereas Lethal Injection in China only accounted for at most, 2. 5% in 1998. These figures may be from different years but 2. 5% versus 84. 2% is a huge difference. The reason China would use gunshot to the head, in my opinion, is it saves money. The Chinese trial and appeals process, which is very fast in nature, saves money compared to the long and worn out American process.Add to that figure that executions are carried out within 7 days of sentencing10. The Chinese definitely spend nowhere near the figures that Americans spend on Death Row, since Chinese executions occur in less than 7 days post-sentencing. Although I am just speculating on court savings since these figures cannot be fo und due to Chinas secrecy on the subject of capital punishment. I think there is much to learn from the Chinese system when it comes to saving money and efficiency, although I strongly disagree with their lack of rights for defendants.While the differences outlined in this paper are not the only ones, they are the differences that I felt really disrupt the American and Chinese use of capital punishment. While the American government wastes tons of money on capital punishment, I think our higher standard of evidence and longer proceedings allow us to be surer that the right person is being executed, and although our system has many issues, I still would stand behind it over the system used in The Peoples Republic of China.

Factors Affecting the Development of a Child

Neuroses be and acquired during early s featurerishness dismantle though their symptoms may non make their appearance until oftentimes later. The events of the for the initiatory time year are of paramount importance for a youngsters whole subsequent life. (Freud, 1902) Regard little of age, nationality, gender or ethnicity every(prenominal) human has something in common we are all natural as babies. This show volition examine and research factors in prudence in order to simplify the complicated process of identifying key factors including scientific data as hearty as theories and methods derived from experts of polar fields.A diverse scene leave al whizzness be analysed of the developing process in order to picture the intricate events underlying these factors from the first beat of the heart to a importation by moment study and co-ordination of thousands of biological events of the nervous and endocrine system of ruless of the new-born will in addition be m onitored. Our research will engage in a holistic betterment, reflecting on the nativism versus empiricism debate.After looking at a bighearted spectrum of topics, issues and views and their implications on genuine theories and methodologies, this evidence will guide us to desist a hypothesis on factors that relate to the effect of the development of a baby in its first year. Looking from an evolutionary perspective, biological explanations advert that the bond of attachment hands naturally as a result of internal urges on the part of their baby and their carer during a critical period (Bowlby).In reinforcing stimulus of this, Lorenz carried out an experiment on geese that had just hatched and been removed from their arrives, only for them to see earth and sure enough they imprinted the scientist instead of their mformer(a)s. Similarly, this reach Bowlby to anticipate that both human babys and m some others has evolved an innate need made in an best time which propelled them towards their mothers. For this reason he as well predicted that young s warerren who do not experience a warm and continuing attachment in the first year would fail to develop a healthy blood in the succeeding(a).In other words Bowlby claimed that mother love in infancy is as important for mental health as are vitamins and proteins for strong-arm health. In contrast, a longitudinal study conducted on a braggy do of boys aged 9-12 years found kinda a few who had been separated from their mothers as infants but faceed well modify as they entered adolescence (Rutter, 1933). However, causality is difficult to determine making it difficult to see the light the effect of maternal separation on later behaviour as there may be other confounding factors that may pay or even cause the final result.By far, the most critical atomic number 6 to attachment theory comes from reversal studies which show early disruption fol low-downed by complete recovery (Clarke and Clarke). Similarly, recent research has shown that babies are much more(prenominal) flexible and resilient than Bowlby thought and the bond between the mother and child is not irreplaceable or irreversible but babies are able of forming attachments to several adults and have been revealed feasible and successful e. g. select children (The Tizard study of adopted children).Still, much of this information is based on retrospective data and so may not be accurate in drawing crocked conclusions to maternal attachment being an exclusive factor that apprise restore the development of babies in their first year of life. Additionally, the human givens approach also asserts the view that there are biological needs which when not met lead to severe distress in humans such as an infant growing up in a heartyly deprived surroundings.This has also been positively correlated to poorer health and thus weaker cognitive development in young children (DCSF, 2009) which may be because living in a low income household or deprived area makes it more belike that infants will be exposed to risk factors that refer their life chances for use municipal violence, smoking, illness, low aspirations etc. (SETF, 2008) and even poor nutrition. Like all mammals, humans obtain life-sustaining nourishment by means of suckling and throughout the news report of the human species the only or primary source of nourishment for infants was rapper milk which has many virtues (Newman, 1995).Alongside it also involves the necessary skin-to skin contact from the mother which gives the baby a feeling of warmth and security as well as strengthening the infants immune system. In filthfulness of this, the majority of infants are still formula-fed predominantly in undeveloped countries where poor, untaught parents often dilute the formula in an effort to make the pricey powder last longer. As a result, in such mountain the parents attempts to promote the health of their babies end up having the a ntonym effect (Popkin and Doan, 1990) with later development of in decorous growth and physical deficiencies.And although every individual has a blueprint for growth, but realisation of this growth strength is only possible if nutrient supplies in childhood are adequate (Jackson, 1996). From this it could again be inferred that situational factors such as poverty also have a detrimental effect on childhood development which is wherefore low birth weight is more likely in children from displace socio economic groups. This has been exemplified from the recent case of Humzah khan whose mother starved him in a cot for 21 months and was more concerned about victuals her alcohol addiction in place of her malnourished son.Although the health work were called they were turned away many times before the case was brought into world-wide attention which points to the difficulty in gaining access to the private sphere of ones home. On the whole, Statistics do highlight that children from low-income households are more likely to experience problems with nutrition leading to a negative decide on the mental well-being of children and in the long run may even lead to childhood obesity.Consequently, health economics even point to the bidirectionality of this relationship and propose that poverty breeds ill-health, ill-health maintains poverty (Wagstaff, 2002). Furthermore, scientific evidence also illust pass judgment that infants with under fire(predicate) and stressful environments at home can lead to physical changes that affect a babys cognitive ability and performance of their thoughtiac in the first year of life (DCSF).Neuropsychologists demonstrate how the negative touch of stress sculpts the developing brain architecture by reducing the number of synapses in the prefrontal cortex and thus weakening the connections in neurones. Besides, other scientific research also explains that that excess amount of cortisol also has major toxic effects on a developing chi ld as well as the ACE study pyramid which illustrates that certain experiences during a childs first year of life are major risk factors for the leading cause of illness, trauma and even closing in later life.Hence, this gives reason for us to believe how crucial the environment is as a factor that can affect the development of babies in their first year of life. However, unlike broken bones irreversible maldevelopment of brain areas mediating empathy resulting from emotional neglect in infancy is not readily available.On the other hand while rarely studied in humans the neurodevelopmental disturb of sensory deprivation is the subject of hundreds of animal studies (Coleman and Riesin, 1968) although it could be argued that it is quite difficult to extrapolate the results from animals to human. Nevertheless, others counter argue that this is only done when it would be wrong to manipulate human lives due to practical and ethical reasons and even though caution is necessary in gener alizing results from animals to people, similarities between species sometimes allow this to be done.Besides, case studies of humans e. g.Genie Curtiss also emphasize the view that social deprivation and neglect does in fact influence later development who suffered from extreme privation since birth and even though she did later understand some language it was not deemed as normal and so she never caught up developmentally. (Curtiss, 1977). Albeit, it was very detailed on the other hand critics have argued that it was only a case study and so cannot be talk to the wider population.However, wider support and brain research have strengthened this study by using a triangulation of methods, thus making it more valid and less prone to doubt. Through these cases many policies were also implicated resulting in far-reaching changes for caseful through Bowlbys maternal deprivation hypothesis practices were derived to avoid the uncalled-for separation of children from their parents for ex ample parents being encouraged to remain with their children in hospital and the provision of facilities for them to stay overnight (NCT policy).Likewise, other policies such as the unripe paper every child Matters (HM treasury, 2003) was published in response to the close of Victoria Climbie whose plight was ignored by 12 different professionals. In response the Green paper with its strong focus on damp support for parenting and families starts with five overall aims for all children including being healthy (NHS reforms) and not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential (Dfes 2002).Therefore, it can be insinuated that the political factor is also dominant in the physical and emotional development of babies in the first year of life. In spite of this it is important to consider the continuous change in child market-gardening particularly in the 21st century. Yet, this has also had many positive implications for example the newly emerging idea of babies as the nations future led to a marked change in the level of influence the government was in a flash prepared to try to exert upon families thereby displaying a significant reduction in the number of infant mortality rates (Dwork, 1987).Moreover, the emergence and notion of a child-centred society set new laws including family allowances in 1945 for children in low income households as well as the reform of a national health service to create comprehensive health and rehabilitation services for the prevention and cure of disease (1948). However, differences in broader culture mode that not all countries have similar policies and practices particularly in collectivistic cultures where children are seen as an economic liability (Greenfield, 1995).Nonetheless, todays interconnected society subject matter that many agencies are now working together with a multi-agency approach based on an international level This reinforces the view that ecology, the environment and recr uit shape the development of babies in their first year of life. in the similar way empiricists have insisted that at birth the mind is a fatuous slate a tabula rasa and that all knowledge is created by experience (Locke, 1704). Conversely, within developmental psychology with the growth of new technology there is now a growing emphasis on inborn biases or constraints on development.So in essence, the baby is programmed with certain operating principles that govern the way they see to and try to make sense out of the flow of sounds coming at them ( Slobin, 1985b). This is another reason why very young babies already seem to understand that objects will move downwards unless it encounters an obstacle (Spelke, 1991). Notwithstanding, current theorists do not propose that these built-in response patterns are the whole factors quite they are the starting point.What then develops is a result of experience filtered through these initial biases however those biases do constrain the de velopmental pathways that are possible (Campbell and Bickhard, 1992). Likewise, the interactive approach to an infants development in the first year also states that Taking all the above mentioned into account this essay is lead to the conclusion that each factor is parallel and relative to one another and that the balance of biology and social expectations is different in different areas of an infants development.Moreover, it is inevitable that both aspects of nature and nurture work in a collaborative manner alongside an organic system that operates together which is why even in those areas of development that appear to be the most clearly biologically determined can only occur if the child is growing in an environment that falls within the twine of sufficient environments. After all, Albert Einstein did claim that all that is valuable in human society depends upon the opportunity for development accorded the individual (1950).

A Good Friend Being Essay

Every star not only deprivations a respectable helpmate in their life, but they indigence one too. Friendships often face a nifty number of conflicts that may weaken you, or it may do the opposite, sop up your relationship stronger. A good friend may in any case be known as a true up friend or a best friend that will always be there for you. Having a good friend will keep you going in life, and consecrate you have a brighter smile on days when you are gloomy. They also help you fall out when you need them the most, and this will help you accomplish indisputable goals in your life. I have many good friends that I am extremely fortunate to have in my life and I wouldnt trade them for anything else. Most people say that friends do not plosive good friends for a long period of time, but that is not true and if you have a good friend you know that is incorrect. First and foremost, a good friend has great number of beneficial qualities and one of them is when everyone walks out on you, they stay with you through everything.You can tell them anything and they wont tell a single soul just to make you impression happy. For instance, I thought I would never be able to let off my secrets to anyone be attitudes my mother, but when I became good friends with a bridge of my affiliate mates, I could tell them anything and everything. They do the same back, sometimes we just peach on the phone for ours telling about our days even if we drop dead these days together. A good friend will always want to talk to you about anything, even if theyre busy, its just one of the great numbers of things a good friend does for you. They are a marvelous thing to have, and if you do have a good friend you should be very fortunate to have them. Furthermore, if you need help on anything and no one is around to help you, you can always weigh on your good friends.Having a good friend by your side will help you accomplish extraordinary life goals that you could never speak out a chieving. I know for a fact that this is true mainly because I have had this happen to me. One afternoon I was at the topical anesthetic park and I had just realized that I had a terrible rise that I had to take the next day. I knew exactly who to call, my good friend Candy. She came and picked me up and we went to her house. She had all the notes out and ready to report card. I knew I could count on her to help me with this test. So we studied for a couple of hours, and then I went home. The next day I was ready for the test and I knew I got every answer correct. I was very glad to have my good friend to always help me when I need it and no one else is around. I decided I would always study with her.

Alice in Wonderland Essay

You may cast off thought Alice in Wonderland was exclusively a childrens tale that every adept takes too seriously bargonly there is more philosophy, metaphors, and spirituality in this revolutionary childrens record than you can get into wholeness teapot It seems every unitary from my generation and up has heard the theme, carry the moderate, or watched the movie at some point in their lives. Alice in Wonderland started as a book written in 1865 by Charles Lutwidge. It is rough a girl named Alice who sees a little exsanguine hare in the woods and follows it d declare the rock rabbit hole. When Alice goes d induce pat(p) the hole she finds herself in a fantasy world called Wonderland, which is populated by peculiar characters. A a couple of(prenominal) of these characters include the Queen of Hearts, the Mad Hatter, the contriveerpillar, Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum and the Cheshire cat. Alice in Wonderland was a good story that caught the attention of both the young a nd the old further what most people did non have is that there is a oversized picture behind the story the bigger picture being the maven that famous philosophers pointed out.The first idea or character from Alice in Wonderland that I want to secrete is the Cheshire cat. Cheshire Cat is depicted as an intelligent save mischievous, villainous character that some dates helps Alice and sometimes gets her into trouble, the cat is know for its vanish acts where is starts to fade leaving nothing but its smile. Plato argued that what is not in some disposition likewise is, therefore he too believed that a non-being did exist. Plato believed that the incompatibility of Being and Non-Being was false. The only real antinomy is that of a single purpose of consciousness and all other things from which it is distinguished. Some would argue that no cat could just dis out into thin air and leave behind its smile. ace would ask, can a smile be on its own? Apparently it can.The Cheshi re cats grin, too, is a non-material being which would be categorised as a grin, as just a Platonic unionize a nonmaterial being which has real existence. Another aspect of Alice inWonderland that I want to cover is the food items that Alice eats. Her character in this story is almost entirely defined by what she eats. Once Alice has fallen down the rabbit hole she is stuck behind a small door that she cannot fit into. This talking door tells her that there are snacks on the table that result help her fit thru the door so she looks on the table and magically there are food items and drinks with tags that say Drink me and Eat me that appear out of nowhere, so Alice eats one without questioning it. Food has a constant tendency to transform itself into situation, the French sociologist Roland Barthes said. For that quote Barthes was talking most foods in the aspect of having communion without bread or Christmas without turkey. We can also question what would Alice be without those treats? The food made its way into this certain situation.Alice neer would have been able to go thru that small door had she not eaten that one treat that made her shrink. This specific food choice set the scent for the rest of the movie, it made the story able to move on and allowed Alice to formally enter Wonderland. Another part of Alice in Wonderland that made me think of Ronald Barthes was when, in his essay The Death of the Author he states it is language which deals, not the occasion to write is to reach that point where language alone acts, performs, and not oneself. Lewis Carroll does just this in Alice in Wonderland. He creates his story with his knowledge of language with the puns and riddles in this story. An example would be his parody of traditional songs, which create a stunt woman meaning. Carroll does not project one meaning, he hands his language to the ratifier and allows them to analyze the story however they would like. Barthes quote says basically that t he author is not the one that is speaking to you but his language is. The language the author uses should speak to ratifiers in the different ways that they hear it and Alice in Wonderland does just that, which is why there are so many different views and interpretations on it. In this book, Alices powers to reason are so distinct they seem unsuitable to a little girls character. According to Aristotles book Poetics, he insists that a character must be appropriate. For example, any wisdom in a woman would be considered inappropriate.though Aristotle does not cover a childs appropriate characteristic, we should assume that if intelligence in a female character is marked as inappropriate indeed it should be for a little girl as well. From this we argue that Alices fearless reasoning through outthe movie is uncharacteristic of a child. However, when Alices reasoning is used to draw attention to her, Alices youthful nature is skillfully put into words when Alice claims that she doe snt care which happens. This would restore her set as a character for Aristotle since he says, too brilliant a diction conceals character and thought. Alice in this book experiences a lot of things that the reader might think of as illusions or things that arent true or cannot happen.According to Nietzsche, the things in this book make perfect sense. Everyone is driven by a will to truth and knowledge on hand and a will to illusion and ignorance on the other hand. These components help make a worthy and happy existence for everyone. This book constantly makes the reader go back and forth between what is the truth and what isnt. This book is the perfect notification for Nietzsches possibleness of having a middle ground between the crop for realism and for fantasy in a well-ordered life. Alices willingness to evaluate the appearance of the white rabbit without question and follow it down the rabbit hole to continue her illusion fantasy is the perfect example of Nietzsches theory of the will of ignorance and the good use of illusions a person unavoidably to balance their life.Opposed from Nietzsches theory about everything in Alice in Wonderland making sense, David Hume has another(prenominal) idea. Hume is another philosopher whose theories can be found within Alice in Wonderland. Hume brought forth the idea that until we know the necessary connection or cause of things, than all knowledge is uncertain. Everyone who reads or watches Alice in Wonderland is just as intrigued as she is on her new findings. This Wonderland is full of things that contradict our experience and expectations. composition following Alices journey one does not know what comes next, as in our lives we usually do. We know that if you roll one ball and it hits another than that ball will roll too.Hume has a different idea. Hume would have thought, base on this theory, that Alice shows little evidence of being an expert on deductive logic. Alice would not have been able to make any r easonable decisions in Wonderland because she has never experienced anything like it before and therefore doesnt know the outcome of anything she might do. Alice does use great inductive reasoning skills though when she learns how to change her size by drinking the bottle andother foods. She uses this casing of reasoning to make successful predictions. Her use of evidence about agone events to predict and control the upcoming course in Wonderland allows Humes theory to come alive within Alice and her choices.Time is also a big question in Alice in Wonderland and it shows up quite a bit. Though Plato may believe time to be just a real illusion, Kant has his own point of view. Kant has three conclusions about time, one being that time is not something that exists by itself, time is actually a psychological sense by which the world is engaged in, and that time is prior to any especial(a) engagement that one many have. Kant believes that time is an intuition of the mind and Alice w ould have needed that in order to have any type of adventure. ane of the main points that the reader comes across time in Alice in Wonderland is when the white rabbit was running to his hole saying Oh dear? Oh dear? I shall be too late.Every time the white rabbit is in a scene he seems to be in a mission and saying he is going to be late. According to Kant, the white rabbit is experiencing an expectation of a time to come and understands that the present is prior to the future event, which would explain why the rabbit was always anxious. Out of all of these philosophers I believe that Alice in Wonderland connects most with Nietzsche and Barth. Nietzsches theory of illusions and the will of ignorance. When in person watching Alice in Wonderland, the movie, and knowing that people read the book, any one would be able to tell that it is all about illusions. I mean, at the beginning of the story she is talking to her teacher saying things like if I had my own world the books would be pictures, if I had a world of my own everything would be nonsense, nothing would be what it is. Then a few legal proceeding later Alice falls asleep and ends up in Wonderland.This shows that Wonderland is Alices illusion. Nietzsche shows that one needs a good balance between what is real and what is fake. Barth also gets most of Alice in Wonderlands theory because he explains that storys are not what the author says they are, they are what the reader sees them as and Alice in Wonderland has been taken in so many ways that Barthes theory is spot on. Everyone sees Alice in Wonderland differently because the author made it so it wasnt just one meaning. Nietzsche and Barthess theory is exactly what the whole story of Alice in Wonderland is about.

Racial profiling Essay

Imagine tearaway(a) home from shoal to go put on your uniform to go to work. You are driving the posted speed limit, obeying all traffic laws, and you car is in pure(a) working condition. All of a sudden, flashing red and blue lights so-and-so you and youre being pulled over. The officer tr swallow ups you as a comical recompense off the bat, sm separateing you with questions concerning what youre doing, where youre going hitherto neer really telling you why youve been pulled over. Without any warranted reason the officer wants to seem your car. After much hassle you are finally free to go, yet still have no explanation as to why you were pulled over to begin with. Well that happened to me one year ago after being pulled over three hours earlier. Later on i learned that at that place were a Mercedes Benz that was stolen in the neighborhood, and i was a black women driving a Mercedes Benz fitting the description of the one that were being stolen. But there were other Merc edes car in the street that day. why didnt he hunched them. Guess what the officer was a white man, this prove that i was character to racial profiling. Still today many people dont know the definition of racial profiling. What does it souses? According to Kenneth Jost, author of the racial profiling Are minority unfairly targeted by patrol utter that Racial Profiling is any law of nature or private shelter practice in which a person is treated as a suspect beca go for of his or her race, ethnicity, nationality or religion. This occurs when police investigate, bankrupt, frisk, search or use force against a person based on such characteristics sort of of evidence of a persons sinful behavior. It often involves the fish filet and searching of people of color for traffic entrancements, known as DWB or driving while black or brown. Is racial profiling helps or huts community/America? In my opinion i think that racial profiling is a detriment to our society, because it is a f orm of discrimination, it is unconstitutional, and its violates humans right. Should there be something done to stop this growing madness?Racial dissimilitude is a serious problem in the world today. Race frame a significant social issue because people use racial differences as the basis for discrimination. Racism is a clear reality in our society, and it is continues to shatter and destroy lives. Racial discrimination is anongoing human sagacity that U.S. citizens cant really stop. Lets take a look at one example on how racism is a problem New York City college student Trayon Christian, 19, filed a civil rights go against Barneys after he was stopped, make passcuffed and taken to a police station after buying a $349 belt at the upscale department store. Why did that happen ,well because he was black. The life chances and opportunities of people of color in the linked States are limited as compared to whites. The legacy of historic discrimination continues to believe on the pr esent and current day discrimination persists throughout American life in access to healthcare, educational services, employment opportunities, wage levels, capital, the criminal justice system, and media employment. Racism, is difference plus power. All forms of racism suppose,on Paul Bou-Habibs conception,author of theRacial profiling and background injusticesay that the differences between races mean that they cannot coexist in one society on terms of equality. This info is important because it allows us to further understand the history of racial discrimination.In the United States Bill of Rights, the Fourth Amendment is the right of the people to be fearless in their houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon likely cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized,(qtd.in Saeed). Racial profiling is a clear violation of the bills of rights in the United States citizens. New measures must be taken in conjunction with current measures to curb racial profiling. A strict federal program to monitor and survey our nations police officers is needed. The common also needs to become more involved in efforts to stop racial profiling. Until these measures are taken, racial profiling will continue to eat away at the heart of our nation.Being frisked, arrested, or incarcerated is often a humiliating and degrading process in violates human rights. Many police officers have also been known to abuse their authority. Take for instance. In 2009, police in Detroit, Michigan, conducted a stop and- frisk of Elvis Ware. While in a public parking lot, one officer shoved his bare hand down Wares pants andsqueezed his genitals and then seek to stick a bare finger into Wares anus. some other young men of African descent report that the same two officers who stopped Ware conducted similar outrageous a nd inappropriate searches on them without warrants, presumable cause, or reasonable suspicion. Such encounters can result in contradict behavioral changes(Jost). Minorities, even those who are innocent, may feel pressured to dress in a particular way to avoid drawing attention to themselves, or to stop traveling certain routes in order to avoid interacting with the police. Additionally, delineation to racial profiling may be psychological detrimental, peradventure resulting in lowered self-confidence and dignity. Based on these, as well as others, it can be effectively argued that racial profiling is not, in and of itself, an unethical practice. However, it must be used in a precise elbow room in order to be morally sound. This method includes using it as a tool in the investigative process and not onward it has been determined that a crime has been committed. It must also be used in a specific way to describe an individual suspect and not a group of people who are suspected o f possibly committing one crime or another. The witnesss background and prepossession must be taken into account, and racial profiling must be done equally and without favor to one racial group. After these go are taken into account, racial profiling cannot be considered unethical(Saeed). whole kit CITEDBou-Habib, Paul. Racial Profiling And Background Injustice. Journal Of Ethics 15.1/2 (2011) 33-46. academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. Jost, Kenneth. CQ Researcher. CQ Researcher. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2013. Shabazz, Saeed. U.S. Supreme Court says no to new hear for Mumia Abu-Jamal. New York Amsterdam News 09 Apr. 2009 4. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

Michelle v Canconcert

Since Michelle keep goings from s insufficiency, a recognized psychiatric illness, and does non suffer any physiologic injury, this is a case of duty of tutelage (DOC) under Mental abuse (MM), as provided in sis come-on. Circumstantial factors leave behind be use to answer the rational verifiability question. From the facts, sudden shock can be realized as Michelle was in the midst of buying water when she was suddenly command aback by the bang and screams. Determination of DOC then f completelys upon sis(2)(b). The dis im soulateative expiration is whether hearing the accident and its aftermath comprised Witnessing.A similar ( only if non identical) statutory rendering issue arose in Wicks/ Sheehan, and the courts took a broad interpretation of the statute. Following this trend in interpretation, the concept of Witnessing should therefore not be limited to sense of sight alone, as it is commonsensical in such band for one to be affected psychotically by sounds. B y referring to provisions in sis(1)(c) CLAW, it can be unless inferred that in general, statute intends for witnessing to encompass both concepts of sight or sound for MM.It was fairly foreseeable that Michelle could suffer MM under sis(2)(b) as she dinettes Ben being injured and put in danger. The fact that Bens leg was baffled due to the collapsed seating plain shows that he was injured and being put in danger, and is subdued continually injured and being put in danger till Ben receives medical assistance. Therefore in considering those factors, it was reasonable for Michelle to suffer MM. DOC is conventional. rape The facts indicate that concerted had been c arless and caused the seating area to collapse.Since Consonances conduct was careless, there is breach of duty. Causation In establishing needful condition, the moreover for test is satisfied by showing that the incident had a complex effect on Michelle, resulting in depression. This satisfies factual causation. No scope of obligation (SOL) issues as Michelle MM is direct result of the collapse seating area. Michelle depression is the kind of ravish that is reasonably foreseeable due to Consonances filmted negligence for the incident. Defenses No defense available, thus Concerted fully liable for negligence.Fauna v Concerted Pity Ltd Since Fauna suffers from a depressive episode, a recognized psychiatric illness, and does not suffer any physical injury, this is a case of DOC under MM, as provided in sis CLAW. From the facts, sudden shock can be established as Fauna received sudden tragic watchword about the concert. Given her close relationship to Ben, it is reasonably foreseeable that she will suffer from nervous shock. Fauna satisfies the provision in sis CLAW as she is Bens mother, hence satisfying both sis(2)(c) and CLAW.It was established that Concerted admit indebtedness in the tort of negligence concerning Bens injuries. In pursuant to sis(1)(a) of CLAW, Consonances liability sho uld also plump to Fauna, as she is a parent of Ben and a family genus Phallus of Ben. Fauna would prepare legal remedy in the tort of MM. Ben v Lisa As Aliass conduct was a clear positive act cause further injury, this is a non- problematic case. Existence of DOC depends on reasonable verifiability of class of plaintiffs. By subsuming Ben under a broad class of plaintiffs persons receiving aid the prerequisite of verifiability is easily fulfilled.Thus, it was reasonably foreseeable that Ben would suffer subsequent injury if Lisa failed to take reasonable care while rendering Ben aid. Hence, DOC is established, and Lisa is liable in relation to positive acts. Aliass act of treating Ben with poison was derelict. Since the possibility of carelessly sort of injuring Ben by treating the wound with poison is not far-fetched or fanciful, verifiability exists. The significance of further injuring someone is also a substantial gamble.In considering the reasonableness of possible c autions, the issue of social utility may be raised to Justify the lack of taking precautions to avoid these ventures. Yet, the probably conclusion is that Aliass act of treating Bens wound with poison, which created a serious risk of aggrieve, was not warranted, as Lisa has the option of taking precaution by checking if the bottle was in fact antiseptic liquid or poison. It as been established that so far when acting for social benefit, the standard of care is high for professional defendant, and carelessly treating a wound with poison constitutes negligence.In fit the risk against the end, the risk that Lisa took when she hard-boiled Bens wound with poison was not warrant as Lisa has work experience from SST pranks ambulance, hence Lisa should exercise a higher degree of caution when treating Bens wound. In those circumstances, a reasonable man would have taken precautions to prevent foreseeable risk. Therefore, Lisa was negligent and this constitutes breach. There are no contentious issues in satisfying necessary condition here. But for Aliass not have sustain further injury.Pursuant to sis(1)(b) CLAW, we need to consider whether it is appropriate to extend the defendants SOL to the vilify. Aliass act of negligence directly caused Ben further injury when she treated him with poison instead of antiseptic. Sustaining further injury is the kind of price that is a reasonably foreseeable result of being treated with poison, as it is not far-fetched or fanciful, indicating Bens injury. However, Lisa might argue that unless for her negligence, Ben was still injured by Christopher gelignite.The agency of harm was a foreseeable result of Bens injury as it is appropriate to hold Lisa responsible for the entire course of injury, even if Ben has sustained prior injury from Christopher negligence. Thus, Lisa has fulfilled the kind of harm and manner of harm test as Bens injury was reasonably foreseeable due to Aliass negligent act. Lisa will try to seek pro tection from liability under so CLAW. Lisa fits the definition of Good Samaritan as she goes to Bens aid without expecting payment. However, to successfully use this defense, Lisa essential prove that her act of assisting Ben was done oneself, and without recklessness.There is nothing on the facts to suggest dishonesty, but her act of treating Bens wound with poison could possibly constitute recklessness. Ultimately, this should be headstrong by courts subjectively based on her circumstances, and if the defense applies, Lisa will not be liable for negligence. Darryl v Sarah Sarah owes a DOC to Darryl as an resident physician of land because Darryl is an invitee to Sarahs property, making him a lawful entrant. Occupier-entrant relationship is an established duty category, thus the existence of DOC presents no challenge.Since it s reasonably foreseeable that visitors coming onto Sarahs land would suffer some kind of harm if Sarah failed to take reasonable care, Sarah owes Darryl an obvious Donahue type DOC. The issue is whether Sarahs omission to reproach is part of DOC. An existing duty to act has to be established for omissions to constitute negligence. Sarahs requisite duty to act arises from Occupiers liability in ACT regulation sass CLAW. Similar to Azalea, Sarah has a general duty as an resident physician to act positively to take reasonable care to avoid foreseeable risk of injury to entrants, in the circumstances.The DOC therefore clearly affords Sarah liability for omissions. Using sis CLAW, the breach enquiry examines Sarahs particular conduct to ascertain, as a question of fact, if Sarah has breached DOC. If Sarahs behavior is not reasonable, breach is established. Three potential difference breaches 1) Sarahs failure to warn (by erecting a warning sign) is the most presumable omission to constitute breach. 2) Failure to patch the gully, or to ingest in physical impracticality of such precautions. 3) Failure to fence the gully is reasonless as the gully is not a latent danger.The gully, in these circumstances, could not cause harm to anyone without the person actively Jumping over it, and it requires a fence all around, not Just at the particular area where accident occurred. Since the reasonableness of countenance and third precautions is uncertain and highly dependent on nature of gully, by common sense the first precaution (to warn) seems the most practicable. Similar to Wong, a contextual and balance assessment would establish that putting up a warning sign constitutes a reasonable and effective response to the foreseeable risk in this instance.In deciding the nature of required warning, obviousness of risk is a factor to insider. There is no breach when obviousness of risk makes it reasonable for defendant not to respond to the risk of injury. This usually relates to omissions to warn. With root to the facts, a reasonable person would have warned the entrant about the confused nature of the premises, and the g ravity and likelihood of Dairys probable injury if he were to engage in outdoor activity with Sarahs motorbike. In this context, Sarah was required to take reasonable care by warning of this obvious danger.From the facts, Sarah was negligent by flunk to put up warning signs about the possible danger arising from the gully. Breach is established. There are two requirements for causation in sis CLAW. Firstly, negligence has to be a necessary condition of harm. Similar to Ideals Palace, there is no evidence to find that Sarahs omission to warn, was a necessary condition of Dairys harm. The but for test, functioning as a negative criterion of causation, fails here, as it is unreasonable to assume that Darryl would not have Jumped over the gully if Sarah had not been negligent in warning him.Simply showing the possibility of different consequences in the absence of defendants negligent omission cannot satisfy actual causation. Darryl must therefore establish on the balance of probabilit ies that he would have responded to the warning in such a way as to avoid the danger. Given Dairys thrill seeking nature, he would still have seek to Jump over the gully with Sarahs motorbike. Therefore, Sarahs negligence in warning would not be found to be a necessary condition. The defendants SOL to the harm.In this instance the kind of harm was not foreseeable as it would be far-fetched or fanciful to assume that Darryl would not have attempted to Jump over the gully even if Sarah did not breach the failure to warn. flair of harm is not in contention, as Dairys injury satisfies the manner of harm test in Wagon Mound Dairys injury, is exactly the manner of harm that Sarah had reasonable foreseen. Since Alfred admitted liability under negligence, he owes indemnity. Calculation of Damages Compensatory damages are divided into pecuniary, and non-pecuniary damages.Pecuniary 1) Derived-from- tooshies-loss-of-earning- ability. John-is-entitled-to-recover-for-any diminution-in-capaci ty-to-earn. Since-he-is-still-able-to-work-after-accident, but in a- lower-paying-job, he-will-be-compensated-for-the-net-loss-in-prospective-earning opacity according-to-provisions-of sis CLAW. This-is-calculated-by-finding-the average-income-of-a-top-Rugby-League-player, since he was already a first grade Rugby-player-with the-Canberra-cavalry, and has-not-made-it-to-the-top yet. From that sum, deduct-his-predicted-earning-capacity-after-accident.Further-deduct-costs that-John-have-had-to-have-incurred-in-earning-the-income. 2) stipend in take on for medical treatment expenses. As long as John has compensable for past medical treatment, relating to relevant injury, he can claim the costs. John will also be compensated for subsequent, long-term medical care, even though they ere provided free of charge by Elena. Even though Elena personally provided the medical care, principle in Australia is such that John will still receive recompense for gratuitous services provided. Damages for this will be calculated based on reasonable and commercial costs of providing the care. ) Discounts are considered because a sum of money is given for future pecuniary loss. Discounts for all future economic loss. It is usually 3% in all cases for ACT. Next, discounts-for-vicissitudes-of-life-usually-applied-to-future earning capacity only, and starts with 15% but varies circumstantially. ) Collateral-benefits-does-not-apply, as the intention with-which-the-monetary benefits-from-his- mates was to-assist-John-in-bill-payments, and-not-reduce-the liability of Alfred. Non-pecuniary 1) Compensation for loss of amenities (enjoyment of life) is set out in sis CLAW.It is likely that John will be compensated here as John has to give up his Rugby career and his pastime of waterier. 2) No compensation for pain and suffering and loss of expectation of life as no evidence in facts to suggest otherwise. Ben v Alex Vicarious Liability Since Ben is uneffective to sue Christopher, Ben might claim damages from Alex under legislation mingled with Alex and Christopher. From Hollies/Stevens, it is necessary that an employer-employee relationship be established between Alex and Christopher for Alex to be vicariously liable.The case involves an independent method for distinguishing an employee from an independent contractor (C). From the facts, Christopher has specific skills as a builder who is able to make an independent career to reach goodwill given his reputation for having good workmanship. Alex had little control over the manner of how Christopher performs his work as Christopher has flexible working hours. Alex id not superintend Christopher finances, as Christopher was paid a fixed sum of money. Christopher also undertook the provisions of amends and deducted taxes himself, and provided for his own leave arrangements.

The Golden Lily Chapter 13

THE DAY OF THE DANCE, I seriously conside red ink going prickle to the costume store and buying the flammable white costume.Lias deck up was a bit more than than I had expected.She had d hotshot a fair gambol copying the chiton style worn in ancient Greece, Id blow oer her that.The dress was sleeveless, pinned at my shoulders to drape into a neckline lower than I was easygoing with. The dress was floor length, and shed slightlyhow nailed my height perfectly with give a demeanor measuring me. That was where the historical resemblance ended. The material was some sort of silky, flowing fabric that engrossed around me and tryed my figure better than youd expect a dress desire that to man jump on. Whatever the material was, it was nothing the Greeks could stand produced, and it was red.I couldnt remember the exist time Id worn red. Maybe when I was a child. Sure, the Amberwood uniform variations sometimes had burgundy in them, however it was a subdued shade.This was a bril liant, flaming scarlet. I never wore colors that intense. I didnt akin the attention they attracted. Amplifying it was the amount of grand shed worked into the dress. Gold thread jumpd along the edge of the red fabric, glittering in the light. The belt was golden withal and not the cheap p workic of the costumes. The pins dimension the dress were gold (or at least some high fibre metal that appeared gold), as were the accessories shed provided a necklace and earrings made of little coins. Shed stock-still wedded me a gold comb with little red crystals on it.I tried it on in my dorm room and stared at the glittering, red display I made.No, I give tongue to aloud. nearly unrivalled knocked at my door, and I grimaced. It would take forever to change off of the elaborate dress, so I had no choice moreover to answer in costume. Fortunately, it was Jill. Her mouth opened to speak and because comely hung thither in silence when she pr all overb me.I tell apart, I tell. It s ridiculous.She recovered herself a a couple of(prenominal) seconds later. No no Its painful. Oh my God. I hurried her into the room before our classmates could see me. She was also attired for the dance, in a fairy confection of pale blue subtile material that tinctureed perfect on her willowy Moroi frame. Its red, I told her. In eccentric it wasnt obvious, I added I never wear red.I know, she state, wide-eyed. besides you should. It looks amazing on you. You should burn all your gray and brown clothes.I shake my head. I piece of asst wear this. If we leave now, in that respects muted time to go by the costume store and accept patronage something else.Jill shake cancelled her awed domain and alsok on an adamant, fierce look that seemed kind of extreme for the situation. No. absolutely not. You are wearing that. Its going to blow your boyfriend away. And you should put on a little more paper I know, I know. You dont manage anything crazy, except just darken th e eyeliner and put on some lipstick. up in force(p) a little. Youve got to match the dresss intensity.You see? Already this color is causing problems.She wouldnt stick out down. Itll take deal a slight. And thats all weve got. If we dont leave soon, were going to be late. Your boyfriends always early, right? I didnt answer right away. She had me there. Brayden was always early, and as much as the costume pained me, I couldnt stand the sentiment of making him wait especially since he wouldnt be able to stimulate into the dance without an Amberwood student.Fine, I said, with a sigh. Lets go.Jill grinned triumphantly. But first the piece of music.I conceded to the makeup and then, at the last minute, added my cross necklace. It didnt go with the theme and was instantly swallowed by the more flamboyant gold jewelry, scarcely it made me incur better. It was a piece of normality.When we finally left, we found Eddie waiting for us in the lobby. He was dressed in normal clothes, his only nod to Halloween being a plain white half-m adopt that reminded me of the Phantom of the Opera. I was half-tempted to crave if he had a second atomic number 53 so that I could do a rapid wardrobe change and just go hideed.He jumped up from his chair, his flavor going dreamy when he saw Jill in her blue, ethereal glory. H atomic number 53stly, how could no virtuoso else see how crazy he was limitingly her? It was so painfully obvious. He drank her in with his eyes, looking as though he aptitude swoon then and there.Then, he flicked his gaze over to me and did a double-take. His boldness wasnt lovestruck so much as dumbfounded.I know, I know. I could already see tonights pattern forming. Its red. I never wear red.You should, he said, emit Jill. He glanced between her and me then shook his head.Too bad were related. Id ask you guys to dance. Seeing as my cousin already wants to go out with me, though, I suppose we shouldnt croak any more rumors.Poor Angeline, said Jill, as we walked out to my car. She rattling wanted to go.Seeing as therell be speakers there, its in all likelihood best she doesnt, I said.Eddie paused when we reached Latte. Can I drive? I feel like I should be a chauffeur tonight.You guys look like royalty. He grinned at Jill. Well, youre always royalty. He opened unitary of the cover doors and actually brush her a bow. later on you, milady. Im here to serve. Practical, stoic Eddie was seldom given to such dramatic shows, and I could tell it caught Jill off guard. Th-thank you, she said, redeem into the gumptionseat. He helped her tuck her skirt inside, and she regarded him inquirely, like shed never noticed him before. After that, I could merely deny his request and gave him the keys.The Halloween dance was being held at a very(prenominal) fine hall adjacent to some botanic gardens.Eddie and I had checked it out this week so that he could condition its safety. Micah was meeting Jill there, though for different re asons than Brayden meeting me. Supervised buses were shuttling roughly students from the nurture to the dance. Upperclassmen like Eddie and me were allowed to take our own transportation, along with family like Jill. No bingle would technically know if Micah dropped her off later, but for now, she could only leave campus in the family carpool.I hope Im ready for this, I muttered, as we pulled into the parking lot. The dress had distracted me so much that I hadnt had time to ruminate over my different concern going to a dance. alone my old complaisant anxieties returned. What did I do? What was normal here? I hadnt had the nerve to ask any of my friends.Youll be fine, said Eddie. Your boyfriend and Micah will both be speechless. I un solidened my seatbelt. Thats the third time Ive heard your boyfriend. Whats going on with that? Why wont anyone hypothesize Braydens name?Neither of them answered right away. Finally, Jill said sheepishly, Because no(prenominal) of us advise rem ember it.Oh, come on Id expect that from Adrian but not you guys. Its not that weird of a name.No, admitted Eddie. But theres just something so I dont know. Unmemorable close to him. Im glad he makes you happy, but I just start to tune out whenever he discourses.I cant mean this, I said.Brayden was waiting out front for us, no doubt having been there for at least ten minutes.My stomach fluttered as he looked me over from head to toe. He didnt comment, though his eyes widened a bit. Was that good or bad? I flashed my student ID to get him in the door, and Jill al to the highest degree at present joined Micah. Eddies brief romantic flare was gone as he shifted into business mode. A brief look of pain crossed his face, fade as quickly as it had appeared.I touched his arm.You going to be okay? I asked softly.He smiled rump. Ill be fine. Just have fun. He walked away, soon melting into the crowd of students. That left me alone with Brayden. Silence wing between us, which wasnt unc ommon.It sometimes took us a few minutes to impregnable up and get the conversation going.So, he said, as we walked further inside. You have a DJ. I wondered if itd be that or a live band.Our develop just had a bad experience with a live band, I said, thinking of Angeline.Brayden didnt press for details and instead gazed around at the decor. untrue cobwebs and twinkling lights were strewn near the ceiling. Paper skeletons and witches hung on the walls. Over on a far table, students were scooping salt lick out of a giant plastic cauldron.Amazing, isnt it? said Brayden. How a pagan Celtic holiday has become such a commercial event.I nodded. And a very secular one. Well, aside from attempts to link up it into All Saints Day.He smiled at me. I smiled back. We were safely in well-known(prenominal) academic territory.You want to check out the cowherd? I asked. Some fast, bass-heavy call option was on, drawing lots of people to the dance floor. Fast move wasnt really my style. I d idnt know Braydens take and was afraid he efficacy want to join in.Sure, he said, looking relieved to have a purpose. Something told me hed been to as umpteen dances as I had none.The plug away provided us with a reason to discuss sugar vs. artificial sweeteners, but my heart wasnt into it. I was too concerned active something else. Brayden hadnt said one word around my dress, and it was filling me with anxiety. Was he as shocked by it as I had been?Was he politely holding back his true public opinions? I could hardly expect compliments if I wasnt giving them, so I opinionated to take the plunge.Your costumes great, I said. Thats from the theatrical company, right?Yes. He glanced down and change surface out the folds of his tunic. Not entirely close, of course, but itll do. The tunic was knee-length, pinned on one shoulder, and made of very light, off-white wool. He had a woolen mantle over it dyed in a dark brown that was exact to the time period. even off with the cap e, a fair amount of his arms and bosom were exposed, showing a runners body with a lightly muscled build. Id always thought he was cute, but it wasnt until this moment I realized he faculty actually be hot. I expected that to trigger a stronger tone in me, but it didnt.He was waiting for me to say something. Mines not entirely, um, accurate either. Brayden studied the red dress in a very clinical way. No, he agreed. Not at all. Well, the cuts not that far off, I suppose. He thought for several moments more. But I still think its very pretty on you.I relaxed a little. Coming from him, very pretty was high praise. While he often had a lot to say about every other topic, he was thrifty with words when it came to emotions. I shouldnt have expected anything more than a simple statement of facts, so this was a big deal.Whoa, Melbourne. Where have you been hiding? Trey strolled over to us and began liberally filling a cup with the fluorescent park punch. You look badass. And hot. He sh ot Brayden an apologetic look. Dont take that the damage way. Just verbalise it like it is.Understood, said Brayden. I couldnt help a smile. Trey had been behaving weirdly around me for the last day or so, and it was nice to see him back to usual form.Trey gave me some other admiring look and then turned back to Brayden. Hey, check it out. We both went for togas. Romans rule He held up a helping hand to high-five Brayden but didnt receive it.This is a Greek chiton, Brayden explained patiently. He studied Treys homespun toga, which looked suspiciously like it had been made from a bed sheet. Thats, um, not.Greek, Roman. Trey shrugged. Whats the residuum? Brayden opened his mouth, and I knew he was about to explain exactly what the contrariety was. I quickly rushed in. Yours looks good on you, I told Trey. Looks like all those hours of weight training paid off and I finally get to see the tattoo. Like Braydens, Treys tunic was draped over one shoulder, giving a glimpse of his l ower back. Trey, like half the schooltime, had a tattoo. But unlike the rest, his hadnt been part of the high-inducing, sinister vampire blood ones that had swept the student body. Treys was a sun with highly stylized rays. It had been done in normal, dark blue tattoo ink. Eddie had told me about it, but Id never gotten a look at it before, seeing as Trey didnt really go shirtless around me.Some of Treys enthusiasm dimmed, and he turned slightly, keeping his back away from us. Well, its pretty softcore compared to yours. Nice to see it out again, by the way. I absentmindedly touched my cheek. I usually covered the golden lily with makeup at school, but I figured here at the dance, I could claim it as part of the costume if any teachers grilled me about the dress code.Another fast song came on, and Trey brightened again. Time to show off my moves. You guys coming? Or are you going to supervise the punch all night?I dont really do fast dancing, said Brayden. I nearly sagged in relief .Me either, I said.Trey gave us a rueful smile before heading out. Color me surprised. Brayden and I worn-out(a) a good deal of that evening by the punch, actually, continuing our give-and-take of Halloweens origins and the larger subjugation of pagan holidays. Friends of mine came by occasionally, and Kristin and Julia in cross couldnt stop gushing about my dress. Every so often, Id also whelm a glimpse of Eddie patrolling the crowds, silently and covertly.Maybe he shouldve been a ghost. He was almost always within sight of Jill and Micah but cogitateing on guardian mode seemed to have saved him from pining over her too much.Both Brayden and I stopped talking when a slow song finally came on. We tensed and then exchanged glances, keen what was coming. Okay, he said. We can only avoid this for so long.I nearly burst out laughing, and he answered with a small smile. He too was fully alert of our social ineptitude. Somehow, that was comforting. Now or never, I agreed.We walked over to the dance floor, joining other couples locked in embraces. Calling what most of them were doing dancing was kind of a stretch. Most were just kind of stiffly rocking and rotating around. A few were precisely using the opportunity to plaster themselves all over each other and make out. They were quickly pulled apart by chaperones.I took hold of one of Braydens hands, and he rested his other on my hip. Aside from the kiss, this was believably the most intimate contact wed had so far. There were still a few inches between us, but I couldnt help but be overwhelmed at the change to my normal personal space boundaries. I reminded myself that I desire and trusted Brayden and that there was nothing weird about this. As usual, I didnt feel surrounded in hearts or rainbows, but I didnt feel threatened either. Attempting to shift my thoughts from our closeness, I listened to the song and immediately got a feel for its count. About a minute into the song, Brayden realized what I was doing.You you can dance, he said in amazement.I looked up at him in surprise. Of course. I was hardly sweeping across the floor in some grand ballroom waltz, but all of my movements were timed to the songs beats. I couldnt really imagine how else you would dance. Brayden, meanwhile, was only one step removed from the rigid movements of most of the other couples. Its not hard, I added. Its just kind of mathematical.Once I put it into those terms, Brayden got on board. He was a quick study and counted off the beats with me. Before long, we looked as though wed been taking dance lessons forever. Even more surprising, I glanced up at him once, expecting to see him concentrating and counting. Instead, he was regarding me with a soft expression an affectionate one, even. Flushing, I looked away.Amazingly, the smell of coffee still clung to him, even though he hadnt worked today.Maybe no amount of showering could get rid of that scent. Yet, as much as I loved eau de coffee, I found myself thinking of the way Adrians cologne had smelled at Wolfes.When the next fast song came on, Brayden and I took a break, and he excused himself to go talk to the DJ. When he returned, he refused to explain his mysterious errand, but he seemed supremely pleased with himself. Another slow song soon followed, and we headed back to the dance floor.And for once, conversation between us stilled. It was enough to just dance for a while.This is what its like to lead a simple life, I thought. This is what people my age do. No grand machinations or fights between good and Sydney?Jill was standing beside us a worried expression on her face. My inner alarms immediately went off, wondering what had caused such a sudden change from her happy, carefree attitude earlier. Whats wrong? I asked. My first fear was for Adrian, that shed sensed something through the bond. I shook the thought. I needed to be worrying about Moroi assassins, not his well-being.Jill said nothing but simply nodded toward the punch table, almost exactly where Brayden and I had been earlier. Trey was back, talking animatedly to a girl in a Venetian mask. The mask was beautiful an icy blue, decorated with silver leaves and flowers. The mask was also familiar. Jill had worn it in Lias runway show and had been allowed to keep it. equally familiar was this masked girls outfit, a threadbare shirt and ragged denim shorts No, I said, recognizing the long, strawberry blonde hair. Angeline. How did she get here? never mind. There were any number of people she could have sneaked here with. The chaperones probably wouldnt have noticed her on a shuttle bus. We have to get her out of here. If shes caught, shell be expelled for sure.The mask does hide her features, Jill pointed out. Maybe no one will notice.Mrs. Weathers will, I said, sighing. That womans got a sixth sense for oh. Too late. Mrs. Weathers was chaperoning on the other side of the room, but her eagle eyes missed nothing. Peering over the crowded dance floor, I saw her begin making her way toward the punch. I didnt think shed made a positive ID on Angeline yet, but her suspicions were definitely raised.Whats wrong? asked Brayden, glancing between Jill and me. No doubt we wore mirrored expressions of dismay.Our cousins about to get in some serious trouble, I said.We have to do something. Jills eyes were wide and anxious. We have to get her out of here.How? I exclaimed.Mrs. Weathers had reached the refreshments table, just as Trey and Angeline began walking toward the dance floor. I saw her start to go after them, but Mrs. Weathers didnt get very far because the punch bowl suddenly exploded.Well, not the bowl itself. The punch inside exploded, dust out in a spectacular shower of bright green liquid. There were shrieks as several nearby people got splashed, but it was Mrs. Weathers who took the brunt of it.I heard a sharp intake of breath from Brayden. How in the human being did that happen? That must have Sydney?Id cried out and jerked a few feet away, knowing exactly what had caused that bowl to explode.Brayden assumed my reaction was fear of injury. Its okay, he said. Were too far away for any glass to be over here.Immediately, I looked at Jill. She gave me a small, helpless shrug that said, Well, what else was I supposed to do? My usual reaction to Moroi magic was disgust and fear. Tonight, shock and dismay were there too. We didnt need attention drawn to us. True, no one knew or would even guess that Jill had used vampire water magic to create the punch distraction, but it didnt matter. I didnt want any word of weird, unexplainable phenomena leaking out of Amberwood.We needed to stay under the radar.Are you okay? Eddie had suddenly appeared by our side or rather, Jills side. What happened? He wasnt even looking at the punch. His focus was all on Jill, and just like earlier, she actually seemed to notice it. Brayden was the one who answered, his eyes alight with intellectual curiosity as he watched tea chers scuttle and try to clean up the mess.Some sort of chemical reaction, if I had to guess. Could be as simple as using baking soda. Or maybe some kind of mechanical device?I gave Eddie a pointed look. It was a prank, I said. Anyone couldve done it. Eddie looked at me, then looked back at Jill. He gave a slow nod. I see. We should get you out of here, he told her. You never know what No, no, I said. Get Angeline out of here.Angeline? Eddies face registered disbelief. But how? I directed him toward where she stood with Trey on the dance floor. They, like many others, were staring at the aftermath of the punch explosion with wonder. I dont know how she got here, I said. Its irrelevant. She needs to leave. Mrs. Weathers nearly caught her. A knowing glint flashed in Eddies eyes. But the punch distracted her?Yes.His attention fell back on Jill, and he smiled. Convenient timing. She smiled back. I guess we got lucky this time. Their gazes locked, and it was almost a shame to interrupt . Go, I told Eddie. Get Angeline. He cast one last look at Jill and then jumped into action. I couldnt hear the conversation as he spoke with Angeline and Trey, but the look on his face would use up no arguments. I could see Trey yielding to family authority, and after a few more arguments, Angeline gave in as well. Eddie quickly escorted her out, and to my relief, neither Mrs. Weathers nor anyone else seemed to notice.Jill, I said. It might be best if you and Micah leave early. You dont have to go right this second but soon.Jill nodded, face sad. I understand.Even if no one would connect her to this, it was best if she wasnt around. Already, I could see people gathering at the table and, like Brayden, trying to figure out what could have caused such a phenomenon. She vanished into the crowd. Brayden finally looked away from the spectacle. He started to say something to me and then suddenly jerked his head toward the DJ.Oh no, he said, face crestfallen.What? I asked, half-expecting the DJs table to collapse or a speaker to catch on fire.This song. I requested it for you but its almost over. I tilted my head to listen. I didnt know the song, but it was slow and romantic and made me feel well, kind of guilty. Here it was, a sentimental gesture from Brayden, ruined by myfamilys wacky hijinks. I caught hold of his hand.Well, its not over yet. Come on.We were able to dance to the last minute of it, but it was clear that Brayden was disappointed.I wanted to make it up to him someways and, in spite of everything that had happened, still have the normal high school dance experience Id wanted.The nights young, I teased. Ill go request one for you, and then you can try to guess when it comes on. Considering I didnt listen to the radio, it probably wouldnt be that hard to guess. I made the request and then joined Brayden for another slow song. I was still a little anxious about what had happened earlier but told myself all was well now. Jill had left. Eddie had taken ca re of Angeline. All I had to do was relax and A vibration startled me as I danced. I was wearing a tiny, red dress traveling bag over my shoulder. It was lost in the folds of my gown, but the buzz of my cell ring was unmistakable.Apologizing to Brayden, I stopped dancing to check the message. It was from Adrian We need 2 talk.Great, I thought as my heart sank. Could this night be any more of a disaster?I texted back Im busy.His response Ill be fast. Im close by.A feeling of dread crept over me How close?The response was about as bad as I could expect The parking lot.

Africa and the Americas 1492 to 1750 Dbq

From 1492 to 1750 in the Americas and Africa, there were social and political diversenesss such as a careen of power in the Americas the power going from the primordials to European dominance, a change in the demographics of the Americas Europeans became a part of the population and the population of natives decreased dramatically, and a change in the demographics of AfricaAfricans were taken from their homes and sold for slavery. In the Americas there was a dramatic political shift of power going from the natives to Europeans. enumeration two suggests that when the Europeans came in, they ruined the enceinte cities that the natives had already built and established. Hernan Cortes, in his letter to King Charles V, states This keen city of Tenochtitlan, The city is as large as Seville or Cordoba , their the natives spurt of living was almost the equal as in Spain, with just as much harmony and companionship suggesting that the cities the Natives had already established were as great as the Spanishs, before they took over and destroyed them.As a European conqueror Cortes would have seen the greatness of these cities and witnessed how they functioned, also being able to canvass it to the cities of Spain, from which he was born and lived in. In his letter he seems honest exactly contradictory because while he says their the natives fashion of living was almost the same as in Spain, with just as much harmony and order he follows that statework forcet with considering these great deal were barbarous hinting that although they lived almost as profusely as the Spanish, he still considered them of less worth than Europeans. Natives were used as slaves to mine silver at the Potosi silver mine for the Spanish (docu ment five). Document Five is an excerpt of Compendium and Description of The West Indies written by Spanish priest, Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa, who would have been able to experience the tough and dangerous working(a) conditions that the natives were oblige to endure, so his writings would have been mostly accurate, if not partially influenced by his moral beliefs.By the eighteenth century, Europeans had claimed large territories in the Americas, land which had antecedently been ruled by the natives, and began to colonize the land (document six). There was also a change in the demographics of the Americas. Document one shows where early European explorers began to survive the Americas. another(prenominal) legal document comparing the native population and the European population in the Americas from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century would help in the understanding of the change in the demographics.Document third displays the effect that the European diseases, such as smallpox, had on the natives, causing death. Another document, such as a diary entry by a native explaining the effects of smallpox on others around him would be specially helpful in gaining insight of the situation. By 1735 t he social ladder in the Americas was completely different Spaniards or Whites, Mestizos, Indians or Natives, and Negroes (document eight). This shows how the Europeans took over control of the native population, put themselves above the natives, and saw themselves as a higher commit because of skin color.Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa were able to experience it themselves and see how the Europeans believed they were better because of riches, rank, and power. In Africa there was a large social change in the demographics. Africans, up to now noblemen and their sons, would be taken from their homes in the middle of the night by Whites and forced into slavery This shows that even their social status had no effect on whether or not they would be enslaved (document four). King Alfonso of Kongo would have seen what was happening to his people.He explains in his letter to King Joao of Portugal that he knows that his people are enslaving the African menout of great desire for the wares an d things of your kingdoms, which are brought here by your people and in order to satisfy their disordered appetite, seize many of our people, freed and alleviate men. From the 15th century to the 18th century the number of slaves being shipped from Africa to the Americas change magnitude greatly, as did the number of deaths in transit (document seven).Document four only speaks of men being enslaved and knowing that while more Africans were enslaved the population remained consistant, it can be concluded that this was a main factor in the increased trust of polygamy in Africa. A document comparing the amount of females to males before and later on slavery would be useful in explaining the increase of polygamy in African society.

Whitney Houston

The Greatest of All Times General blueprint To inform Specific Purpose To inform my audience somewhat Whitney Houston. excogitation Attention Getter I have often been told I have a beautiful voice most people compare me to Whitney Houston. maybe so far better. Credibility Whitney Houston has always been of my favorite artists. Topic Reveal Today I am going to tell you a little about the smell of Whitney Houston. Preview Statement After discussing my three main points, you will run into why she is one of my favorite artists.My three main points are her advance(prenominal) divisions and being discovered, her fame, and the end of her career. Body I. Whitney Houston had the mentality of becoming a singer since birth. A. Whitney was born August 9, 1963 in Newark, New Jersey. 1. Everyone she was brought up some had some kind of medicational talent. 2. Her mother was the choir minister, which is where Whitney started. 3. Her cousin Dionne Warwick and her godmother Aretha Franklin were two in the music industry also. B. Whitney was working on her own videotape fence at the age of 15. 1.While working on her record deal she was also being discovered by a photographer. 2. She later became a teenage model. 3. Becoming the first African American women to appear on the cover of Seventeen Magazine. C. By the time she reached age 19, Whitney was discovered by Clive Davis. 1. He took her from the gospel stage to the pop life. 2. In 1983, Whitney was appearing on TV shows and performing. (Transition Now that we know a little about Whitneys early years and how she was discovered, let us talk about her fame. ) II. It was thence all about the money and fame. A.It did not take much in the first place Whitney became a extended sensation. 1. In 1985, she released her debut album Whitney Houston. 2. A year later the fame and the Grammys started rolling in. 3. She released her second album Whitney that went platinum and win Grammys. B. Everything that glitters isnt gold. 1. Whitney then thought she was on top of the world. 2. She then matrimonial Bobby Brown of New Edition. 3. She struggled with drugs and health problems. Her career hit a big downfall. (Transition Finally Yet Importantly we are going to talk about the end of Whitneys career.III. There is always room for improvement. A. Whitney felt the contain for a comeback. 1. She worked on the remake of the musical film Sparkle. 2. She had been said to totality The X Factor as a judge. B. Unfortunately, she didnt make it to retrieve those days. 1. Whitney died on February 11, 2012 in Los Angeles. 2. That was a sad day in the music industry. Conclusion Today we have looked at the good and bad in Whitney Houstons life. From the money and fame to the heartaches and pain. We now know the life of the legendary Whitney Houston.

Compare and Contrast Communism, Socialism, and Capitalism

What is socialist economy? Communism is a barrier apply broadly to designate a theory or corpse of tender organization based on the holding of solely seat in common, actual self-will being ascribed to the community as a in every(prenominal) or to the state. It refers to the doctrine which underlines the revolutionary movement which aims to abolish capitalist economy and at last to establish a society in which any skinnys will be soci tout ensembley have, all scotch activates socially planned and tone down take, and in which all distributions will be in accordance with the aphorism.German author Emil Ludwig described the maxim as for each according to his capacity, to each according to his need. (1) It is to be deluxe from collectivism which aims by constitutional and parliamentary methods to nationalize gradually however the essential means of turnout and to organize distribution on the pedestal of a just reward to each person for the heart and graphic symb ol of his or her work. In its early plants the term communism first came into implement in France, after 1840 the general idea being that private property is the source of all social ills which can be cured exactly by a community of goods and stake.In the Greco- papistical world, Plato expounded the idea in his ledger The Republic in the 4th century and to stoics implied it in their doctrine of subjective right or as they called it jus natural which means according to which natured created all men rationalize and equal and private property was unknown to the victor state of nature. (2) According to Karl Marx, this is the final stage towards development of egalitarian society. present all the resources be state-owned and it determines its distribution based on the needs in an effort to bring about equality. Communism is conservative. Fewer and fewer deal have any feel out in how the economy works.By using state coercion to fulfill unmet demands, it restricts individual freedom. Communism necessarily takes the imprint of one-man rule or the tyranny of all over one since its up to the state to decide who gets what. Historically, communist societies have been characterized by the absolute rule of a revolutionary party leader, beneath whom everyone is equally subservient. It becomes very hard for such(prenominal) an economy to survive in a large existence when it becomes difficult for equal distribution of resources. (5) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are the ones responsible for the theoretical foundations of the advanced(a) communism.In their time together Marx and Engels wrote several pieces of documentations and books which started in 1848 with The Communist Manifesto, 1850 Marxs build Struggles in France, 1867 The First Volume of Das Kapital, 1871 Civil War in France, 1875 Critique of the Gotha Programme, and in 1877 Engels so called Anti-Duhring. Marx and Engels took over and modified the current concepts of materialism, the Hegelian view of historic evolution as dialectical process base from thesis by means of antithesis to synthesis, the get the picture theory of value of David Ricardo, The critique of capitalism of the Utopian by French socialist, and tactics of Blanqui.In later writings, Marx and Engels described the apotheosis communist society alone in general terms such as a administration of social proprietorship under which production would be carried on by voluntary associations of workers, distribution would be in accordance with the needs, the state would cease to be an instrument of force and pass off outdoor(a) and the individual would live in freedom and in musical harmony with society. Marx and Engels thought that the social revolution they aimed at could be carried out by peaceful means in some countries bid England and The United States. 2) Marx and Engels utilise the term communism to distinguish their program from communism which in the 1840s meant economic and social reform. Some coun tries that are, or have been communist are the former U. S. S. R, China, Germany, Guatemala, Cuba, Greece, Africa, Some parts of the United States, Turkey, Suez, Israel, North Korea, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand and the Confederate part of Thailand. (2) We now move to fabianism, what is socialism? As mentions before socialism is the doctrine that espouses public ownership or control of a study means of production.It aims to achieve an equitable and efficient distribution of social goods and great economic planning then exist under capitalism. Although the profound concerns of socialism appears to be economic its ramifications extend to the moral, social and political realms, in point together with nationalism, it is the leading ideological and political movement of the 20th century. It is considered to be the transitional phase between the capitalism and communism. Thus, you would find all communists advocating for socialism because it lays the foundations for communism.I t advocates an egalitarian society where everyone shares equal wealth and power. There is a respectable disagreement over how the distribution should take place. Hence, socialism can be said to be between extreme capitalism and extreme communism with it being nearer to communism. Socialism is liberal. More people have say in how the economy works. (5) The basic principles of contempary socialism have their origin in the economic, social and cultural transformations of Europe which occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries.Contributing factors were the Industrial mutation and the rise of the bourgeois and proletarian buildes, the enlightenments secular and rationalistic view of men and society, and the democratic demands of the French revolution. Social ownership and control is the development of private property and it inordinate pursuit are seen by socialist theorist as the root causes of inequalities among men, of moral corruption, and of disruptions of the social order, thi s led to the abolition of private property or control over its unsuitable manifestations, is fundamental tenet of socialism.The means advocated attaining this objective accounts for a broad stretch of socialist programs, from state ownership and regulation of the entire economy to anarchistic cooperative association from mixed economy of publicity corporately and privately owned enterprises to national producers and consumers cooperatives from state sponsored social welfare programs to self-sufficient local communes. collective argues that the pernicious nature of private property was cleared disclosed with the development of capitalism.The growth of commerce and industry, coupled with the doctrine of Laissez faire, brought about the private ownership of the major means of productions by a small group of individuals, who detain was able to accumulate most of the wealth of the society. People began to move away from the country and the population became centralized. Cities grew r apidly and overcrowding became an enormous problem. This new industrial workforce, the proletariat, worked and lived in appalling conditions. Poverty was rampant.The cities were havens for crime and disease. The tumultuous transformation affected non lone(prenominal) the lives of the workers but also craftsmen, such as handloom weavers, who were being squeeze out of business by factories which could produce the same product at a lower price. Much of the working mannikin was confounded by the radical changes that were going on. Without anyone planning it, capitalism had emerged and began to flourish as at that place was no opposition to it. The factory owners became richer and low-skilled workers and the unemployed became poorer.Workers whose trades were less secured decided to form trade societies. This allowed the proletariat who had nothing to trade but their labor, to sell their labor for the best possible price. By uniting, workers could achieve results that could not be ac hieved individually. The central ideas of socialist have their roots in mans perennial discontent with the conditions of his existence. They mull his desire to overcome scarcity, inequality and social strife, and his longing for justice, happiness, perfection and at time for transcendence.Among the forerunners of modern socialism are the utopias of Plato with is book The Republic on with Sir Thomas More Utopia , 1516 and Tommase Campanella City of The Sun 1602, the experiments of the Anabaptist Sects in Central Europe, the theories of the Diggers and Levelers in England. (3) The theories of Marx and Engels represent the watershed of socialist thought. The collaborators synthesized the basic socialist ideas, gave them a umbrella theoretical and practice expressions and influence their development.Although communism developed as an irreligious ideology the basic principles of socialism can be readily traced to the Christian idea of brother hood, it protests against the selfish pur suit of wealth, and its traditions of communal life. Indeed, Engels acknowledges the religious hereditary pattern of the socialist movement and considered the early Christians among the precursors of socialism. (3) Louis Blane and Constantine Pecqueur, who advocated public ownership, worker-managed industries and parliamentary democracy during the Revolution of 1848 in France, were the precursors of the socialism accepted by the modern social democratic parties.The Fabian society founded in 1884, set out to promote socialism through gradual democratically achieved reforms in England. Relying on propaganda, research, and public debate, the Fabians sought-after(a) to permate trade unions, political parties and other gaps with their ideas. They succeeded with the middle and educated classes and they became influential in the labor and liberal parties. Among the earliest Fabians were G. B Shaw and Sidney Webb. Areas that were affected by socialism were European countries such as German y, Austria, Bulgaria and Estonia.In Asia you had North and South Korea, Vietnam, Burma, Japan, Lon Nol, Singapore, Ceylon. In the nub East there was Israel, Egypt, and Tunisia. In Africa there was Ghana, Sekov Toure, The Congo, Kenya and Tanganyika, and in Latin the States there were Uruguay and Mexico. (3) This term was first coined by Karl Marx to describe a system in which small group of people own large amount of money, land, resources. It puts all the economy is the hands of wealthy business people with the only aim of maximizing profits.Such economies remain free of government intervention with all the policies being determined by private individuals. The result is monopoly, and a gigantic gap in the earnings among the employer class and the worker class. Though its very good for trades and industries to flourish, it can lead to worker exploitation and unethical business practices. Laissez-Faire capitalism which means pure capitalism with no government intervention is said t o have never existed in practice. 5) capitalist economy is the type of economy in which capital is privately owned and peradventure freely used by the owners as they wish in attempting to let profits from their economic enterprise. This type of economy is known as bourgeois system. Implicit in capitalism is the existence of an effective technique for exchanging good and services. In all but extremely primitive forms of capitalism opine the existence of a monetary and monetary system. In the sense the term capitalism may be distinguished any economic system in which capital is privately owned and used by the owner as he wishes, capitalism is not of recent origin.Elements of this type of economic system may be traced back to early historical periods. withal in the hunting and fishing style of society, physical capital and financial capital were individually owned and used. Further capitalistic developments continued through the pastoral and agricultural stages and into the age of metal. By the time of the Greek and Roman civilizations, capitalism had become fairly well developed. The oppressive phase cod to the Industrial Revolution in England drew much socialist criticism.Marx and others tended to conclude from the unfortunate aspects of the Industrial Revolution and to conduce that the explanation of labor was an ingrained of evil capitalism. Marx predicted that under capitalism cyclical fluctuations in business performance would become increasingly severe. This would cause more and more members of the capitalist class to be reduced to the ranks of the proletariat. Eventually, he predicted the increasing misery of the proletarian class would lead it to overthrow the capitalistic system and replace it with some form of socialism.In 1776 Adam Smith, a Scottish university professor, produced a book which described the whole kit of a capitalist society. He believed that a countrys wealth depends on all people pursuing their own interests. If a person pro motes his own interest he or she is unintentionally promoting his countrys interest. Smith thought that governments should promote free trade and not interfere by protecting certain industries from competition. The only duty of governments, Smith wrote, was to provide services that couldnt be profitable like the building of roads, schools and churches.